性能稳定可靠且重复频率为100 kHz-1 MHz的高平均功率高能量超短脉冲激光由于在激光精密微加工、临床医学、超快光谱和国防等方面的广泛应用，近年来倍受人们的重视。针对大量研究应用领域对高平均功率超快激光器的发展需求，本论文分别采用电光调制再生放大和多次单通放大相结合的技术以及声光调制的全光纤啁啾脉冲放大技术，系统开展了高重复频率、高脉冲能量全固态及光纤飞秒激光放大的研究，得到了重复频率百kHz、平均功率21 W的皮秒激光放大输出和重复频率为1 MHz、单脉冲能量为10.5 µJ的全光纤飞秒激光放大输出。

此外针对上述激光系统对结构紧凑、成本低廉、操作简易以及体积小巧的飞秒种子源要求，进一步采用具有保偏特性的大模场棒状光子晶体增益光纤与全正色散非线性偏振旋转锁模技术相结合的方法，进行了环境稳定的高功率全正色散棒状光纤飞秒锁模激光振荡器的研发，对于推动百瓦飞秒激光放大的前端系统向着简易化方向发展，取得了具有重要意义的结果。

论文的主要研究工作进展和取得的创新性成果有：

1、以全固态皮秒锁模激光振荡器作为种子源和808 nm高功率二极管激光器作为泵浦源，开展了高平均功率全固态Nd:YVO₄皮秒激光的放大研究。该系统由再生放大器和三级单通功率放大器组成。为了提高放大效率，设计了脉冲在腔内往返一周四次通过增益介质的新型再生放大腔结构，将脉冲宽度10 ps、中心波长1064 nm、重复频率68 MHz的种子激光经过该再生腔进行脉冲选单和放大后，获得了重复频率为100 kHz、最高平均功率达2.6 W的激光输出。进一步经过三级单通功率放大器放大后，在该重复频率下最终得到了平均功率21 W、对应脉冲宽度为30 ps的结果，每一级的功率提取效率分别为31%、26% 和36%。在水平和垂直方向测量得最终放大激光的输出M²光束质量因子分别是2.0和1.9。

2、采用高掺杂Yb增益光纤，结合非线性偏振旋转锁模技术，实现了高信噪比且重频可调谐的全正色散飞秒谐波锁模光纤激光运转，并且给出了相应的理论解释。在22 MHz的基波锁模情况下，通过微调偏振控制器和双折射滤波片，得到了最高88 MHz的四次谐波锁模输出，相应的边模抑制比高达73 dB。经过腔外光栅对压缩后的脉冲宽度为624 fs。此外实验中还发现，在实现谐波锁模运转的过程中，调节波片和双折射滤光片的状态，腔内往返一周脉冲的个数和其时间间隔是可控制的，即具有连续的可调节性。以上现象对进一步理解和探索全正色散耗散孤子锁模内在机制具有重要意义。在此基础上，进而开展了低重复频率高能量全正色散锁模激光器的研究，在1.7 MHz重复频率下，首次采用双折射滤波片作为光谱调制器件，实现了同步的三波长锁模运转，而且获得了在全正色散多波长锁模激光器中的最高输出功率和最宽调谐范围，并基于四波混频的理论对同步三波长锁模机制进行了解释。

3. 采用纤芯直径为85 µm且具有保偏特性的棒状光子晶体光纤作为增益介质，在国内首次实现了环境稳定的高功率棒状光纤锁模激光器，得到了平均功率16 W、脉宽182 fs、重复频率58 MHz的输出结果。进一步，基于改进的振荡腔结构同时结合976 nm窄线宽100 W多模二极管激光泵浦,获得了功率31 W、脉宽124 fs、重复频率57.93 MHz和长期功率稳定性优于0.3%的高功率环境稳定的棒状光纤锁模激光器。此外采用自主研发的30 MHz飞秒激光振荡器作为种子源，将其先经过第一级单模光纤放大到321 mW后，通过光栅对引入负色散对脉冲展宽又经由第一级纤芯直径为85 µm的棒状光纤进行功率放大，实现了平均功率32.6 W、脉宽6.5 ps的激光脉冲序列输出。随后再经偏振相关的隔离器及第二级光子晶体光纤放大后，获得了53.4 W的平均功率激光输出。

4. 开展了啁啾脉冲放大飞秒光纤激光产生高能量飞秒脉冲的研究。利用自主研发的色散管理Yb光纤飞秒激光振荡器作为种子源，结合单模光纤时域色散展宽脉冲宽度和声光调制器进行重复频率控制以及后续的光纤放大，实现了重复频率为1 MHz、最高输出单脉冲能量为10.5 µJ的全光纤飞秒激光放大器，相应的压缩脉宽为804 fs。实验中发现在6.75 µJ能量输出时，相应的压缩脉宽为424 fs。这种高能量的全光纤飞秒激光放大器在超快激光加工、成像、眼科医学和高次谐波等研究领域中有广阔的应用前景。

With the development of the ultrafast lasers, reliable and stable performance high power high energy ultrashort pulsed lasers with repetition rates from 100 kHz to 1 MHz have facilitated extensive applications in micro-fabrication, clinical medicine, spectroscopy and national defense fields and they have been concerned as a topic of research in recent years. Consequently, to meet the requirements of the development of the high average power ultrafast lasers in various areas of reaearch and application, this dissertation is focused on the investigation of the high repetition rate high energy 100 kHz, 21 W all-solid-state picosecond laser amplifier based on the hybrid amplification technology consisting of an electro-optic modulated regenerative amplifier and three-stage single pass power amplifiers and 1 MHz, 10.5 µJ all-fiber femtosecond laser amplifier based on the acousto-optic modulated all fiber chirped pulse amplification (CPA) scheme.

Together to cater for the requirements of the development of the high repetition rate hundreds of Watts laser amplifier systems for the femtosecond seed sources with compactness in structure and low cost and easy operation, further combining polarization maintaining (PM) large mode area (LMA) rod-type photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with nonlinear polarization evolution mode-locked technique, we conduct an experimental study on high power environmentally stable rod-type femtosecond mode-locked all-normal-dispersion (ANDi) fiber laser, which has an important significance for the development of the hundreds of watts laser systems toward the direction of the facilitation and compactness.

1. An efficient amplification of the picosecond Nd:YVO₄ laser system at a repetition rate of 100 kHz based on highly stable all-solid-state picosecond laser oscillator as seed source and high power 808 nm diode lasers as pump sources is presented. This amplifier system consists of a regenerative amplifier and three-stage single pass power amplifiers. In order to improve the amplification efficiency of the regenerative amplifier, the Nd:YVO₄ gain crystal in the regenerative cavity is put close to the pump mirror with a spatial distance of 8 mm to allow for four passes of the seed laser pulse through the gain crystal for each cavity round-trip period rather than two passes. As a front end，the regenerative amplifier emits average power of 2.6 W at 100 kHz repetition rates seeded with a 10 ps, 1064 nm mode-locked vanadate oscillator. Adopting the end-pumping scheme with 808 nm fiber coupled laser diodes as pump sources, the following three-stage booster amplifiers further amplify the average power to 21 W. The corresponding extraction efficiencies are 31%, 26% and 36%, respectively. The final pulse duration is approximately 30 ps and the beam quality factors M² are 2.0 in the horizontal and 1.9 in the perpendicular direction, respectively. This laser may enable wide applications for micro-fabrication and laser matter interaction.

2. Tunable high peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) harmonically mode-locked ANDi femtosecond fiber laser has been developed based on highly doped Yb gain fiber and NPE technique and the corresponding theoretical explanation has also been provided. The external compressed pulse duration is 627 fs assuming a sech² distribution with 600 lines/mm grating pair at the 4^th harmonic of 88 MHz with 73 dB SNR. In addition, it is also experimentally found that multipulse soliton bunches with controllable pulse spacing and number could been realized in the formation process of the harmonic mode-locking, which promotes the further understanding of the ANDi dissipative soliton mode-locked operation. Furthermore, high energy low repetition rate ytterbium fiber triple-wavelength mode-locked laser has also been realized at 1.7 MHz repetition rate based on birefringent filter as spectral shaper. To our best knowledge, the widest tuning range (19 nm) and the highest output power (161.4 mW) in mode-locked operation have been obtained in this presented fiber laser and the corresponding mechanism has been explained based on four-wave mixing (FWM).

3、In view of the dissipative mechanism related mode-locked operation in ANDi ultrafast fiber lasers, which provides a possibility for the generation of the high power high energy laser pulses in theoretical, therefore adopting PM rod-type PCF with 85 µm core diameter, a 16 W, 182 fs environmentally stable high power rod-type mode-locked fiber laser oscillator has been firstly developed domestically at 58 MHz repetition rate based on ANDi scheme. Further, by optimization of the cavity structure and adopting more powerful wavelength-stabilization 976 nm laser diode as pump source, the highest 31 W mode-locked output power has been obtained with 124 fs compressible pulse width at a repetition rate of 57.93 MHz, and the measured short-term power fluctuations is 0.3% (RMS) over two hours. The newly developed high power high energy rod-type mode-locked fiber laser will find wide applications such as in high power fiber laser pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillator and as a front-end seed source in hundreds of watts femtosecond laser amplifier system. In addition, aiming at realizing high power laser amplifier with high peak power without external compression, a MW peak power PM all rod-type fiber amplifier has been proposed, which consists of a home-made 30 MHz femtosecond mode-locked seed source, a core-pumped single mode preamplifier, a pre-chirper and two-stage rod-type fiber amplifiers. The seed pulse is firstly amplified to 321 mW in core-pumped preamplifier and then pre-chirped to 7.23 ps. After polarization through a Glan laser polarizer, the pulse train is injected into the first-stage rod-type fiber amplifier to be amplified to 32.6 W with 6.5 ps pulse duration. The pre-amplified pulse train is finally amplified to 53.4 W in the second-stage rod-type fiber amplifier. The adopted rod-type gain fibers have 85 µm core diameter and 260 µm pump cladding. However, due to the mismatch of the wavelengths from the pump diode with the absorption peak of the rod-type gain fiber in the second-stage amplifier, the amplification efficiency is low and further optimization is going on.

4、An all-fiber amplifier at 1 MHz repetition rate has been successfully developed based on self-made dispersion-management 32.7 MHz ytterbium fiber femtosecond mode-locked seed source and CPA scheme. By temporally stretching the pulses to hundreds of picoseconds in single mode fibers and reducing the repetition rate to 1 MHz with acousto-optic modulator, up to 10.5 µJ pulse energy could been obtained with 804 fs compressible pulse duration. The shortest pulse duration achieved is 424 fs corresponding to the uncompressed pulse energy of 6.75 µJ. The developed high energy all-fiber femtosecond laser amplifier will find wide applications in practice.

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